Anti-survivin antibodies for cancer therapy

ABSTRACT

Provided are survivin specific antibodies, nucleic acids encoding the antibodies and methods for treating tumors comprising survivin-expressing cells by administration of the antibodies. The antibody compositions were found to be effective in inhibiting the growth of tumors.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No.16/233,375, filed on Dec. 27, 2017, which is a continuation of U.S.patent application Ser. No. 15/257,324, filed on Sep. 6, 2016, whichclaims priority to U.S. Provisional patent application No. 62/214,242,filed on Sep. 4, 2015, the disclosures of each of which are incorporatedherein by reference.

SEQUENCE LISTING

The instant application contains a Sequence Listing which has beensubmitted electronically in ASCII format and is hereby incorporated byreference in its entirety. Said ASCII copy, created on Aug. 16, 2020, isnamed 809273-01CON Sequence Listing txt, and is 12,071 bytes in size.

BACKGROUND OF THE DISCLOSURE

Survivin is an intracellular protein that belongs to a family ofapoptosis inhibitors. Survivin acts in concert with the mitotic spindleapparatus to regulate cell division. It is expressed in certain cellsduring the G2/M phase of the cell cycle and associates with the spindlemicrotubule organizing center during this phase of cell cycleprogression. Survivin functions in critical roles at a number ofdifferent cellular loci to regulate the cell cycle and to inhibitapoptotic cell death. It is frequently expressed by cancer cells of manydifferent types, but uncommonly by normal adult tissues. Survivinpeptide sequences have been used to develop vaccination strategies.While the survival of patients with some cancers has improved,challenges remain, particularly for those with advanced disease atdiagnosis. As such, there continues to be a need to develop additionalstrategies to combat cancer.

SUMMARY OF THE DISCLOSURE

The present disclosure provides compositions and methods for treatmentof tumors that comprise survivin-expressing cells. The disclosureprovides isolated antibodies, including monoclonal and polyclonalantibodies and fragments and variants thereof, compositions comprisingthe antibodies, nucleic acid molecules encoding the antibodies orportions thereof or variants thereof, vectors comprising the nucleicacid molecules, cells comprising the antibodies and/or nuclei acidmolecules, kits comprising one or more antibodies or nucleic acidmolecules, and methods of using the antibodies or nucleic acid moleculesor cells comprising the antibodies or nucleic acid molecules to inhibitthe growth of tumors.

In one aspect, the disclosure provides an isolated antibody, which maybe a polyclonal or a monoclonal antibody (mAb), which is specificallyreactive against one or more epitopes of survivin. The antibody may begenerated in response to administration of a peptide of survivin or amodification thereof. For example, an antibody can be generated inresponse to a peptide, which may be 9 to 23 amino acids long andcomprises the core sequence QMFFCF (SEQ ID NO:3).

An antibody of this disclosure can be a monoclonal antibody comprising aheavy chain variable region (VH) comprising acomplementarity-determining region (CDR) 1 having a sequence set forthin SEQ ID NO:7, a CDR2 having a sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO:8 and aCDR3 having a sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO:9, and a light chainvariable region (VL) comprising a CDR1 having a sequence set forth inSEQ ID NO:10, a CDR2 having a sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO:11 and aCDR3 having a sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO:12; or a monoclonalantibody comprising a VH comprising a CDR1 having a sequence set forthin SEQ ID NO:13, a CDR2 having a sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 14 anda CDR3 having a sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 15, and a VL comprisinga CDR1 having a sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 16, a CDR2 having asequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 17 and a CDR3 having a sequence setforth in SEQ ID NO:18.

The antibodies of the present disclosure may be chimeric, human, orhumanized antibodies. In a chimeric or humanized antibodies, someportions of the heavy and/or light chains may be identical or homologousto sequences from one species while other portions may be identical orhomologous to sequences from a different species. For example, murinemonoclonal antibodies may be isolated or generated and then portions ofthese antibodies (or sequence information derived therefrom) used forgenerating chimeric or humanized antibodies. For example, mice may beimmunized with one or more survivin peptides and then ascites fluidsamples can be collected. The samples can be screened and selected todevelop a panel of monoclonal antibodies and corresponding hybridomacell lines. Portions or sequences from the monoclonal antibodies canthen be used to generate chimeric or humanized antibodies. An antibodyof the present disclosure can also be an antibody fragment, a singlechain, a bispecific or multispecific antibody.

The disclosure provides nucleic acid molecules comprising sequencesencoding portions or all of the antibodies (including mAbs) sequences.The disclosure also provides cells comprising the nucleic acidmolecules.

This disclosure provides a method of treating a tumor in an individualin need of treatment comprising administering to the individual acomposition comprising one or more antibodies that are specific forsurvivin, such as, for example, human survivin.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES

FIG. 1 . Representation of effect of anti-survivin monoclonal antibodyon an intracranial glioma model in C57BL/6 mice with GL261 glioma. Micewere administered anti-survivin antibody once every 7 days post tumorimplantation. Percent survival is shown in as a function or time. IgG isnormal mouse non-specific IgG. Control is untreated, tumor implantedmice.

FIG. 2 . Representation of effect of anti-survivin polyclonal andmonoclonal antibodies on a subcutaneous tumor model in C57BL/6 mice withGL261 glioma. Mice were administered the indicated treatments once every7 days post tumor implantation. SurVaxM is the survivin vaccine;anti-survivin sera (antibody) was derived from non-tumor bearing pooledmice receiving active survivin vaccine or survivin peptides. Control isuntreated, tumor implanted mice.

FIG. 3 . Representation of effect of anti-survivin polyclonal antibodieson a subcutaneous tumor model in C57BL/6 mice with GL261 glioma. Micewere administered the indicated treatments once every 7 days post tumorimplantation. SurVaxM is the survivin vaccine; anti-survivin sera(antibody) was derived from non-tumor bearing pooled mice receivingactive SurVaxM vaccine. Mice were followed up to 50 days.

FIG. 4 . Representation of effect of two monoclonal antibodies againstB16 murine melanoma in Nude (immunocompromised) mice. Tumor volume isshown for groups receiving non-specific IgG, mAb 2C2 and mAb H30. Eachpoint represents one animal.

FIG. 5 . Representation of effect of two monoclonal antibodies againstB16 murine melanoma in C57B1/6 (immuno-competent) mice. Tumor volume isshown for groups receiving non-specific IgG, mAb 2C2 and mAb H30. Eachpoint represents one animal.

FIG. 6 . Representation of effect of two monoclonal antibodies againstB16 murine melanoma in Nude (immunocompromised) mice as a function oftime. Tumor volume is shown for groups receiving non-specific IgG, mAb2C2 and mAb H30.

FIG. 7 . Representation of effect of two monoclonal antibodies againstB16 murine melanoma in C57B1/6 (immuno-competent) mice as a function oftime. Tumor volume is shown for groups receiving non-specific IgG, mAb2C2 and mAb H30.

FIG. 8 . Representation of effect of two monoclonal antibodies againstGL261 murine glioma in Nude (immunocompromised) mice. Tumor volume isshown for control (untreated), groups receiving non-specific IgG, mAb2C2 and mAb H30. Each point represents one animal.

FIG. 9 . Representation of effect of two monoclonal antibodies againstGL261 murine glioma in C57B1/6 (immuno-competent) mice. Tumor volume isshown for groups receiving control, non-specific IgG, mAb 2C2 and mAbH30. Each point represents one animal.

FIG. 10 . Representation of effect of two monoclonal antibodies againstGL261 murine glioma in C57B1/6 (immuno-competent) mice as a function oftime. Tumor volume is shown for groups receiving control, non-specificIgG, mAb 2C2 and mAb H30.

FIG. 11 . Representation of effect of two monoclonal antibodies againstGL261 murine glioma in Nude (immunocompromised) mice as a function oftime. Tumor volume is shown for groups receiving control, non-specificIgG, mAb 2C2 and mAb H30.

FIG. 12 . Representation of generation of total IgG in patients who wereadministered a survivin vaccine (SEQ ID NO:4). Data is shown for 8patients. Serum ELISA studies show progressive increase in serum IgGreactivity to wild type survivin peptide (amino acids 53-67 (SEQ IDNO:27).

FIG. 13 . Representation of generation of survivin specific IgG inpatients who were administered a survivin vaccine (SEQ ID NO:4). Data isshown for 8 patients. Serum ELISA studies show progressive increase inserum IgG reactivity to modified survivin peptide (amino acids53-67/M57—SEQ ID NO:4).

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE DISCLOSURE

The present disclosure is based on our observations that antisera fromsurvivin peptide-vaccinated mice and purified murine monoclonalantibodies against survivin significantly inhibit tumor growth in animalmodels. This is surprising because survivin is an intracellular proteinthat is thought not to be secreted by cells or displayed on the cellsurface, except within the context of MHC class I presentation. As such,antibody-mediated (passive) survivin immunotherapy would not be expectedto be effective. However, we have found that it is.

This disclosure provides isolated antibodies and fragments thereof,isolated nucleic acid molecules encoding antibodies or fragmentsthereof, cells producing antibodies or fragments thereof, vectors orcells comprising nucleic acids encoding antibodies or fragments thereof,compositions comprising any of the foregoing, methods of making any ofthe foregoing, and methods of using the antibodies and fragmentsthereof, or nucleic acid molecules in the treatment of cancers such asthose involving survivin-expressing tumors.

A description of the sequence listings with this application is asfollows:

SEQ ID NO:1 is an amino acid sequence representing a 23 amino acid longfragment of human survivin.

SEQ ID NO:2 is a variant of SEQ ID NO:1 with a single amino acid change

SEQ ID NO:3 is a six amino acid long fragment of SEQ ID NO:2.

SEQ ID NO:4 is a fifteen amino acid long fragment of SEQ ID NO:2 andcomprises the sequence of SEQ ID NO:3.

SEQ ID NO:5 is a ten amino acid long fragment of SEQ ID NO:2 andcomprises the sequence of SEQ ID NO:3.

SEQ ID NO:6 is a nine amino acid long fragment of SEQ ID NO:2 andcomprises the sequence of SEQ ID NO: 3.

SEQ ID NO:7 is an amino acid sequence for VH CDR1 for mAb 2C2E7

SEQ ID NO:8 is an amino acid sequence for VH CDR2 for mAb 2C2E7

SEQ ID NO:9 is an amino acid sequence for VH CDR3 for mAb 2C2E7

SEQ ID NO:10 is an amino acid sequence for VL CDR1 for mAb 2C2E7

SEQ ID NO:11 is an amino acid sequence for VL CDR2 for mAb 2C2E7

SEQ ID NO:12 is an amino acid sequence for VL CDR3 for mAb 2C2E7

SEQ ID NO:13 is an amino acid sequence for VH CDR1 for mAb 30H3D2

SEQ ID NO:14 is an amino acid sequence for VH CDR2 for mAb 30H3D2

SEQ ID NO:15 is an amino acid sequence for VH CDR3 for mAb 30H3D2

SEQ ID NO:16 is an amino acid sequence for VL CDR1 for mAb 30H3D2

SEQ ID NO:17 is an amino acid sequence for VL CDR2 for mAb 30H3D2

SEQ ID NO:18 is an amino acid sequence for VL CDR3 for mAb 30H3D2

SEQ ID NO:19 is an amino acid sequence for heavy chain variable regionfrom mAb 2C2E7.

SEQ ID NO:20 is an amino acid sequence for light chain variable regionfrom mAb 2C2E7.

SEQ ID NO:21 is an amino acid sequence for heavy chain variable regionfrom mAb 30H3D2.

SEQ ID NO:22 is an amino acid sequence for light chain variable regionfrom mAb 30H3D2.

SEQ ID NO:23 is a nucleotide sequence encoding the heavy chain variableregion of 2C2E7 (it encodes the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:19).

SEQ ID NO:24 is a nucleotide sequence encoding the light chain variableregion of 2C2E7 (it encodes the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:20).

SEQ ID NO:25 is a nucleotide sequence encoding the heavy chain variableregion of 30H3D2 (it encodes the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:21).

SEQ ID NO:26 is a nucleotide sequence encoding the light chain variableregion of 30H3D2 (it encodes the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:22).

SEQ ID NO:27 is a fifteen amino acid long fragment of human survivin.

While vaccines provide one way forward in anti-survivin cancerimmunotherapy, there are several advantages of using a passiveimmunotherapy with antibodies. For example, a humanized monoclonalantibody: 1) would not be HLA-restricted (unlike peptide vaccines), 2)could potentially have immediate action against cancer cells in patientswho are severely immunocompromised by their tumors, 3) would bedoseable, and 4) could be used in conjunction with a vaccine or otherdrugs or therapies such as, for example, radiation therapy, to exploitalternative or complementary mechanisms of action. One or more the aboveadvantages are also applicable to mAbs in general, including chimeric,human and humanized antibodies.

The term “survivin peptide” or “survivin peptides” as used herein meansfragments of full length survivin and includes variants of the peptideswhich can generate antibodies that react with the wild type survivin,such as human survivin. The term “anti-survivin antibodies” as usedherein means antibodies that are generated in response to survivin orone or more survivin peptides (including variants thereof).

In one aspect, this disclosure provides compositions comprisingantibodies or fragments thereof, including human antibodies, humanizedantibodies, or chimeric antibodies, which are reactive against one ormore epitopes of survivin. Examples of suitable survivin epitopes orvariants thereof are provided in U.S. Pat. Nos. 7,943,138, and8,580,269, the disclosures of which are incorporated herein byreference. The compositions of the present disclosure compriseantibodies generated in response to administering a peptide that isidentical to a sequence within human survivin or is a variant thereof(such as at least 95% identical). For example, antibodies may begenerated in and isolated from an individual following administration ofa peptide that is variant of the following portion of survivin sequenceENEPDLAQCFFCFKELEGWEPDD (SEQ ID NO:1). The variant can beENEPDLAQMFFCFKELEGWEPDD (SEQ ID NO:2—a C to M change at position 9 ofSEQ ID NO:1). The peptides administered can be from 9 to 23 (includingall integers therebetween) contiguous amino acids of SEQ ID NO:2,wherein the peptide comprises the core sequence of QMFFCF (SEQ ID NO:3).Exemplary survivin peptides include DLAQMFFCFKELEGW (SEQ ID NO:4),AQMFFCFKEL (SEQ ID NO:5), and QMFFCFKEL (SEQ ID NO:6). The isolatedantibodies or fragments thereof may be used without modifications, orthey may be engineered, such as, for example, to generate chimeric orhumanized antibodies or various fragments as described therein. In oneembodiment, humanized antibodies or fragments thereof are generated thatare reactive against the peptide DLAQMFFCFKELEGW (SEQ ID NO:4).

The term “Antibody” as used herein can encompass whole antibodymolecules, full-length immunoglobulin molecules, such as naturallyoccurring full-length immunoglobulin molecules or full-lengthimmunoglobulin molecules formed by immunoglobulin gene fragmentrecombinatorial processes, as well as antibody fragments. Antibodyfragments can be fragments comprising at least one antibody-antigenbinding site. Antibody fragments can, for example, exhibit specificbinding to survivin or fragments thereof comprising the motifDLAQCFFCFKELEGW (SEQ ID NO:27). The term “antibody” can include e.g.monoclonal, polyclonal, multispecific (for example bispecific),recombinant, human, chimeric and humanized antibodies. The term“antibody” can also encompass recombinantly expressed antigen bindingproteins and antigen binding synthetic peptides. Further, the term“antibody” can encompass minibodies, and diabodies, all of whichpreferably exhibit specific binding to survivin of a fragment thereof,especially human survivin. The term “antibody”, as used herein, can alsoencompass immunoglobulins produced in vivo, as well as those produced invitro, such as, for example, by a hybridoma. An antibody of the presentdisclosure may be modified by, for example, acetylation, formylation,amidation, phosphorylation, or polyethylene glycolation (PEGylation), aswell as glycosylation. The term “an antibody” as used herein is intendedto cover all antibodies disclosed herein. For example, the term “anantibody” can refer to monoclonal, polyclonal, chimeric, human, orhumanized antibodies, or antigen (i.e., survivin) binding fragmentsthereof.

Administration of survivin peptides can be used for generation ofpolyclonal antibodies. For example, suitable animals can be administeredone or more survivin peptides and serum can be collected. Further, humananti-survivin antibody-expressing cells can be isolated from immunizedanimals or patients vaccinated with survivin or survivin peptides—forexample, from individuals who may be participating in clinical trials.IgG+ memory B cells from patient samples can be expanded and induced todifferentiate into IgG-secreting cells, which can be screened forhigh-affinity target (survivin peptide) binding. The cells can also beused for generation of hybridomas. Variable regions of antibody genescan be cloned from isolated cells by RT-PCR using the PIPE method (DodevT S et al. (2014) Scientific Reports 4, 5885. doi:10.1038/srep058853).Recombinant human, humanized or chimeric mAbs can be constructed fromthese molecules and can be expressed and screened in functional andbinding affinity assays and for anti-tumor activity. In this regard, wehave been able to detect specific antibodies by ELISA in severalpatients in a clinical study. Samples can be frozen for later use forisolation of memory B cells.

The antibodies of the disclosure may be whole immunoglobulin moleculessuch as polyclonal or monoclonal antibodies or may be antigen-bindingfragments thereof, including but not limited to, Fab, F(ab′), F(ab′)2,Fv, dAb, Fd, CDR fragments, single-chain antibodies (scFv), bivalentsingle-chain antibodies, single-chain phage antibodies, diabodies,nanobodies and the like. The fragments of the antibodies may be producedsynthetically or by enzymatic or chemical cleavage of intactimmunoglobulins or may be genetically engineered by recombinant DNAtechniques. These techniques are well known in the art.

In one embodiment, this disclosure provides isolated antibodies. By theterm “isolated” it is meant that the antibody or the fragment thereof,is separated and/or recovered from its natural environment. Theisolation of the antibody from its natural environment can be such thatthe antibody can be used without interference from other active agents(such as other proteins) that normally are present in its naturalenvironment.

In one embodiment, this disclosure provides generating and isolatingsingle domain antibodies or nanobodies produced by camelids in responseto introducing survivin or survivin peptides into the camelids. Thenanobodies are typically heavy chain antibodies and thus contain heavychain homodimers and do not contain antibody light chains. Theseantibodies typically comprise a single variable domain and two constantdomains (CH2 and CH3).

The antibodies of the present disclosure may be obtained from a human ora non-human animal. In many mammals, intact immunoglobulins have twoheavy chains and two light chains. Each of the light chains iscovalently linked to a heavy chain by a disulfide bond. The two heavychains are linked to each other by additional disulfide bonds. The lightchain typically has one variable domain (VL) and one constant domain(CL). The heavy chain can also have one variable domain (VH). Thevariable domains contain complementarity-determining regions (CDRs). Theheavy chain can further have three or four constant domains (CHI, CH2,CH3 and CH4). The variability of the constant domains results is variousisotypes such as IgA, IgD, IgE, IgG, and IgM.

The CDRs are primarily responsible for binding to an epitope of anantigen. The CDRs of each chain are typically referred to as CDR1, CDR2,and CDR3, numbered sequentially starting from the N-terminus, and aretypically identified by the chain in which the particular CDR islocated. Thus, a V_(H) CDR3 (or VH-CDR3) is located in the variabledomain of the heavy chain of the antibody in which it is found, whereasa V_(L) CDR1 (or VL-CDR1) is the CDR1 from the variable domain of thelight chain of the antibody in which it is found. An antibody that bindssurvivin or survivin peptides, for example, will have a specific V_(H)region and the V_(L) region sequence, and thus specific CDR sequences.Antibodies with different specificities (i.e. different combining sitesfor different antigens) have different CDRs.

The terms V_(H) or VH as used herein refer to the variable region of animmunoglobulin heavy chain, including a heavy chain of an Fv, scFv, dsFvor Fab, and the terms V_(L) or VL refer to the variable region of animmunoglobulin light chain, including a light chain of an Fv, scFv, dsFvor Fab.

The term “monoclonal antibody” refers to an antibody produced by asingle clone of B-lymphocytes or by a cell into which the light and/orheavy chain genes of a single antibody have been transfected. Monoclonalantibodies are produced by methods known to those of skill in the art,for instance by making hybrid antibody-forming cells from a fusion ofmyeloma cells with immune spleen cells. For example, mice (or othersuitable animals) may be immunized with one or more survivin peptidesand then ascites fluid samples can be collected. The samples can bescreened and selected to develop a panel of monoclonal antibodies andcorresponding hybridoma cell lines. Murine (or other) monoclonalantibodies may be isolated or generated and then humanized, if desired.

An antibody of the present disclosure can be an antibody of any class.For example, an antibody of the present invention can be an antibodyisotype IgG1, IgG2, IgG3, IgG4, IgM, IgA, IgD or IgE. For example, theantibody can be IgG2b. The term “isotype”, as used herein, can inparticular refer to the antibody class (such as e.g. IgG) that isencoded by heavy chain constant region genes. Sequences of humanimmunoglobulin constant regions are known in the art and are availablein public databases such as National Center for BiotechnologyInformation (NCBI), U.S. National Library of Medicine.

The term “chimeric antibody” refers to an antibody which has frameworkresidues from one species, such as human, and CDRs (which generallyconfer antigen binding) from another species, such as a murine antibodythat specifically binds survivin. In a chimeric antibody, some portionsof the heavy and/or light chains may be identical or homologous tosequences from a particular species while other portions may beidentical or homologous to sequences from a different species. Chimericantibodies generally exhibit decreased immunogenicity and increasedstability. Techniques for cloning murine immunoglobulin variable domainsknown in the art—such as, for example, see Orlandi et al., Proc. NatlAcad. Sci. USA 86: 3833 (1989), and Leung et al., Hybridoma 13:469(1994). As an example of a chimeric antibody, polynucleotides encodingthe variable domains of the light chain or the heavy chain of anantibody derived from an animal (e.g., mouse, rat, or chicken) otherthan human can be linked to polynucleotides encoding the constantdomains of the light chain or the heavy chain derived from a humanantibody to produce a polynucleotide (such as DNA) encoding a chimericantibody. Examples of chimeric antibodies include those comprising SEQID NOs:19 and 20, and those comprising SEQ ID NOs:20 and 21.

A “human” antibody (also called a “fully human” antibody) is an antibodythat includes human framework regions and all of the CDRs from a singleor different human immunoglobulins. Thus, frameworks from one humanantibody can be engineered to include CDRs from a different humanantibody. Methods for producing human antibodies are known in theart—such as, for example, see Mancini et al., 2004, New Microbiol.27:315-28; Conrad and Scheller, 2005, Comb. Chem. High ThroughputScreen. 8:117-26.

A “humanized antibody” is typically a human antibody that has one ormore amino acid residues imported into it (i.e., introduced into it)from a source that is non-human. For example, a humanized antibody is arecombinant protein in which the CDRs of an antibody from a species suchas rodent, rabbit, dog, goat, or horse are imported into human heavy andlight variable domains. The constant domains (also referred to asframework regions) of the antibody molecule are generally the same asthose of a human antibody. The non-human immunoglobulin providing theCDRs can be termed as “donor” and the human immunoglobulin providing theframework can be termed as “acceptor”. For example, all the CDRs can befrom the donor immunoglobulin in a humanized immunoglobulin. Constantregions need not be always present, but if they are, they can besubstantially identical to human immunoglobulin constant regions, i.e.,at least about 85-90%, such as about 95% or more identical. A humanizedantibody binds to the same antigen as the donor antibody that providesthe CDRs. The acceptor framework of a humanized immunoglobulin orantibody may have a limited number of substitutions by amino acids takenfrom the donor framework. Humanized or other monoclonal antibodies canhave additional conservative amino acid substitutions which havesubstantially no effect on antigen binding or other immunoglobulinfunctions. Humanized immunoglobulins can be constructed by means ofgenetic engineering (see for example, U.S. Pat. No. 5,585,089, and U.S.Publication No. 2010/0196266). For example, murine monoclonal antibodiesmay be isolated or generated and then humanized. Examples of humanizedantibodies include those comprising CDRs having sequences of SEQ IDNOs:7 through 12, and those comprising CDRs having sequences of SEQ IDNOs:13 through 18.

Antibody fragments can be produced by enzymatic digestion. For example,papain digestion of antibodies produces two identical antigen-bindingfragments, called “Fab” fragments, and a “Fc” fragment. The Fab fragmentcontains an entire L chain and the variable region domain of the H chain(VH), and the first constant domain of one heavy chain. Each Fabfragment is monovalent with respect to antigen binding, i.e., it has asingle antigen-binding site. Pepsin treatment of an antibody yields asingle large F(ab′)₂ fragment that roughly corresponds to two disulfidelinked Fab fragments having divalent antigen-binding activity and iscapable of cross-linking antigen. “Fv” is the minimum antibody fragmentthat contains a complete antigen-recognition and -binding site andsingle-chain Fv also abbreviated as “sFv” or “scFv” are antibodyfragments that comprise the VH and VL antibody domains connected into asingle polypeptide chain. The term “diabodies” refers to small antibodyfragments prepared by constructing sFv fragments with short linkersbetween the VH and VL domains such that inter-chain but not intra-chainpairing of the V domains is achieved, resulting in a bivalent fragment,i.e., fragment having two antigen-binding sites. A single domainantibody (sdAb) is an antibody fragment which has a single monomericvariable antibody domain. ScAbs can be made from heavy-chain antibodiesfound in camelids. An antibody fragment can be a single variable regionor a peptide consisting of or comprising a single CDR. A single-chainantibody has a heavy chain variable domain and a light chain variabledomain linearly linked to each other via a linker. A polynucleotide(such as DNA) encoding the single-chain antibody can be produced bybinding a polynucleotide encoding the heavy chain variable domain, apolynucleotide encoding the linker (typically 10-20 nucleotides), and apolynucleotide encoding the light chain variable domain, with the heavychain variable domain and the light chain variable domain being bothderived from a human antibody.

The antibodies of the present invention can be bispecific ormultispecific. Bispecific antibodies (diabodies) are antibodies thathave binding specificities for at least two different epitopes of anantigen, such as two different epitopes of survivin. For example, apolynucleotide (such as DNA) encoding a bispecific antibody can beproduced by, for example, linking in order a polynucleotide encoding aheavy chain variable region A, a polynucleotide encoding a light chainvariable region B, a polynucleotide encoding a heavy chain variabledomain B, and a polynucleotide encoding a light chain variable domain A.Preferably, the heavy chain variable domain and the light chain variabledomain are both derived from a human antibody.

The present disclosure provides variants of sequences set forth in SEQID NOs: 1 through 29. For example, variants can have at least 90%, atleast 95%, at least 98% or at least 99% sequence identity to thesequences disclosed in SEQ ID NOs:1-27.

The present disclosure provides T cells transduced to express a chimericantigen receptor (CAR). CAR molecules of the present disclosure combineantibody-based specificity for survivin with a T cellreceptor-activating intracellular domain to generate a chimeric proteinthat exhibits specific anti-survivin, and therefore, anti-tumor cellularimmune activity. A CAR molecule can comprise one or more CDRs of theheavy or light variable regions. This disclosure further provides Tcells genetically modified to stably express the CAR. T cells expressinga CAR are referred to herein as CAR T cells or CAR modified T cells. Forexample, T cells can be genetically modified to stably express the CARthat combines a survivin recognition domain of a specific antibody, suchas a monoclonal antibody described herein, with an intracellular domainof the CD3-zeta chain into a single chimeric protein.

As an example, this disclosure provides monoclonal antibodies, which canbe isolated monoclonal antibodies, which specifically bind to survivin,which can be human survivin. As an example, a mAb designated 2C2 and amAb designated H30 (or 30H3) are provided. A subclone of mAb 2C2 usedfor final antibody sequencing and IgG purification was designated 2C2E7,and a subclone of mAb H30 used for final antibody sequencing and IgGpurification was designated 30H3D2. An antibody comprises a heavy chainvariable region and a light chain variable region. The heavy chainvariable region comprises a VH CDR1, a VH CDR 2, and a VH CDR3, and thelight chain variable region comprises a VL CDR1, a VL CDR2, and a VLCDR3. As an example, the VH CDR1 has an amino acid sequence TYGMS (SEQID NO:7), the VH CDR2 has an amino acid sequence WINPYSGVPTYAVDFKG (SEQID NO:8), and the VH CDR3 has an amino acid sequence GGRRGDFGY (SEQ IDNO:9); and the VL CDR1 has an amino acid sequence SASSSISYMH (SEQ IDNO:10), the VL CDR2 has an amino acid sequence DTSKLAS (SEQ ID NO:11),and the VL CDR3 has an amino acid sequence HQRSSHHT (SEQ ID NO:12). Asanother example, the VH CDR1 has an amino acid sequence SYGMS (SEQ IDNO:13), the VH CDR2 has an amino acid sequence TISSGGSHTYYPDSVRG (SEQ IDNO:14), and the VH CDR3 has an amino acid sequence HPIYYYISSYAMDY (SEQID NO:15); and the VL CDR1 has an amino acid sequence RSSQSLVHSTGNTYLH(SEQ ID NO:16), the VL CDR2 has an amino acid sequence KVSNRFS (SEQ IDNO:17), and the VL CDR3 has an amino acid sequence SQSTHVPPT (SEQ IDNO:18).

An antibody of the present disclosure can be an antibody which has VHCDRs that have 1 or 2 amino acids that are different than the sequenceset forth in SEQ ID NOs:7, 8, 9, and/or which has VL CDRs that have 1 or2 amino acids that are different than the sequence set forth in SEQ IDNOs:10, 11, 12. An antibody of the present disclosure can be an antibodywhich has VH CDRs that have 1 or 2 amino acids that are different thanthe sequence set forth in SEQ ID NOs:13, 14, 15, and/or which has VLCDRs that have 1 or 2 amino acids that are different than the sequenceset forth in SEQ ID NOs:16, 17, 18.

An antibody of the present disclosure can be an antibody wherein theheavy chain variable region comprises the sequence of SEQ ID NO: 19, andthe light chain variable region comprises the sequence of SEQ ID NO: 20.In the sequence of SEQ ID NO:19, amino acids 1 through 19 represent aleader sequence, amino acids 20 through 49 represent framework region(FR) 1, amino acids 50 through 54 represent CDR1, amino acids 55 through68 represent FR2, amino acids 69 through 85 represent CDR2, amino acids86 through 117 represent FR3, amino acids 118 through 126 representCDR3, and amino acids 127 through 137 represent FR4. In the sequence ofSEQ ID NO: 20, amino acids 1 through 22 represent a leader sequence,amino acids 23 through 45 represent FR1, amino acids 46 through 55represent CDR1, amino acids 56 through 70 represent FR2, amino acids 71through 77 represent CDR2, amino acids 78 through 109 represent FR3,amino acids 110 through 117 represent CDR3, and amino acids 118 through127 represent FR4.

An antibody of the present disclosure can be an antibody comprising aheavy chain variable region comprising the sequence of SEQ ID NO:21, anda light chain variable region comprising the sequence of SEQ ID NO:22.In the sequence of SEQ ID NO:21, amino acids 1 through 19 represent aleader sequence, amino acids 20 through 49 represent FR1, amino acids 50through 54 represent CDR1, amino acids 55 through 68 represent FR2,amino acids 69 through 85 represent CDR2, amino acids 86 through 117represent FR3, amino acids 118 through 131 represent CDR3, and aminoacids 132 through 142 represent FR4. In the sequence of SEQ ID NO: 22,amino acids 1 through 19 represent a leader sequence, amino acids 20through 42 represent FR1, amino acids 43 through 58 represent CDR1,amino acids 59 through 73 represent FR2, amino acids 74 through 80represent CDR2, amino acids 81 through 112 represent FR3, amino acids113 through 121 represent CDR3, and amino acids 122 through 131represent FR4.

An antibody of the present disclosure can be an antibody comprising aheavy chain variable region comprising a sequence of SEQ ID NO:19 and alight chain variable region comprising a sequence of SEQ ID NO:20, orvariants thereof that have 90% to 99% sequence identity. An antibody ofthe present disclosure can be an antibody comprising a heavy chainvariable region comprising a sequence of SEQ ID NO:21 and a light chainvariable region comprising a sequence of SEQ ID NO:22, or variantsthereof that have 90% to 99% sequence identity. An antibody can be anantibody comprising a heavy chain variable region comprising a sequenceof SEQ ID NO:19 excluding the leader sequence (i.e., excluding aminoacids 1 through 19) and/or a light chain variable region comprising asequence of SEQ ID NO:20 excluding the leader sequence (i.e., excludingamino acids 1 through 22), or variants thereof that have 90% to 99%sequence identity. An antibody of the present disclosure can be anantibody comprising a heavy chain variable region comprising a sequenceof SEQ ID NO:21 excluding the leader sequence (i.e., excluding aminoacids 1 through 19) and/or a light chain variable region comprising asequence of SEQ ID NO:22 excluding the leader sequence (i.e., excludingamino acids 1 through 19), or variants thereof that have 90% to 99%sequence identity.

An antibody of the present disclosure can be an antibody comprising aheavy chain variable region which has a sequence which is at least 90%,91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98% or 99% identical to SEQ ID NO:19and which comprises a CDR1 having a sequence of SEQ ID NO:7, a CDR2having a sequence of SEQ ID NO:8, and a CDR3 having a sequence of SEQ IDNO:9, and/or a light chain variable region which as a sequence which isat least 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98% or 99% identical toSEQ ID NO:20 and which comprises a CDR1 having a sequence of SEQ IDNO:10, a CDR2 having a sequence of SEQ ID NO:11, and a CDR3 having asequence of SEQ ID NO:12.

An antibody of the present disclosure can be an antibody comprising aheavy chain variable region which has a sequence which is at least 90%,91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98% or 99% identical to SEQ ID NO:21and which comprises a CDR1 having a sequence of SEQ ID NO:13, a CDR2having a sequence of SEQ ID NO:14, and a CDR3 having a sequence of SEQID NO:15, and/or a light chain variable region which as a sequence whichis at least 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98% or 99% identicalto SEQ ID NO:20 and which comprises a CDR1 having a sequence of SEQ IDNO:16, a CDR2 having a sequence of SEQ ID NO:17, and a CDR3 having asequence of SEQ ID NO:18.

An antibody of the present disclosure can be a chimeric, human orhumanized antibody comprising a heavy chain variable region comprisingCDR1, CDR2 and CDR3 having the sequences of SEQ ID NOs: 7, 8 and 9respectively, and a light chain variable region comprising CDR1, CDR2,and CDR3 having the sequences of SEQ ID NOs: 10, 11 and 12 respectively,or comprising a heavy chain variable region comprising CDR1, CDR2 andCDR3 having the sequences of SEQ ID NOs: 13, 14 and 15 respectively, anda light chain variable region comprising CDR1, CDR2, and CDR3 having thesequences of SEQ ID NOs: 16, 17 and 18 respectively.

The present disclosure also provides isolated nucleotide sequencesencoding all or portions of heavy chain variable regions for survivinspecific antibodies. For example, the present disclosure provides anisolated nucleic acid molecule comprising the sequence of SEQ ID NOs: 23or 25. An isolated nucleotide molecule of the present disclosure canencode all or portions of light chain variable regions for survivinspecific antibodies. For example, the isolated nucleic acid molecule cancomprise the sequence of SEQ ID NOs: 24 or 26. Variants of nucleic acidmolecules can have at least 90% to at least 99% identity with thesequences of SEQ ID NOs: 23 or 25 for the heavy chain variable region orSEQ ID NOs: 24 or 26 for the light chain variable region.

The present disclosure also provides isolated nucleic acid moleculescomprising or consisting of the sequence encoding one or more CDRs thatrecognize a survivin epitope—such as for example, sequences encoding SEQID NOs: 7 to 18. A nucleic acid molecule can consist of any of thesequences of SEQ ID NOs: 7 to 18, or a nucleic acid molecule cancomprise one or more sequences of SEQ ID NOs: 7 to 18 and furthercomprise additional 1 to 50 nucleotides—generally flanking thesequences.

The disclosure provides cells comprising an expression vector or otherpolynucleotide sequence encoding the antibodies provided herein(including mAbs) or survivin binding fragments thereof. Nucleotidesequences encoding the mAbs or survivin binding fragments thereof can beexpressed using any suitable expression vector, many of which are knownin the art and/or are commercially available. A vector generallyincludes nucleic acid sequences, such as origin or replication thatenables it to replicate in a host cell. A vector can also includeselectable marker genes. Heavy and light chains can be expressed on asingle expression vector, such as a plasmid or the heavy and lightchains can be expressed on distinct plasmids in the same cell, afterwhich the expressed heavy and light chains can form the conventional mAbarchitecture. The mAbs or survivin binding fragments thereof can beisolated and/or purified using conventional techniques, given thebenefit of the present disclosure.

The isolated monoclonal antibodies or fragments thereof can be labeled,such as with enzymatic, fluorescent or radioactive tags or can beconjugated to effector molecules such as, for example, toxins.

The present disclosure provides pharmaceutical compositions comprisingthe antibodies or fragments thereof, and pharmaceutically suitablecarrier. Suitable carriers include excipients, or stabilizers which arenontoxic to recipients at the dosages and concentrations employed, andinclude buffers such as acetate, Tris, phosphate, citrate, and otherorganic acids; antioxidants including ascorbic acid and methionine;preservatives such as octadecyldimethylbenzyl ammonium chloride;hexamethonium chloride; benzalkonium chloride, benzethonium chloride;phenol, butyl or benzyl alcohol; alkyl parabens such as methyl or propylparaben; catechol; resorcinol; cyclohexanol; 3-pentanol; and m-cresol;amino acids such as glycine, glutamine, asparagine, histidine, arginine,or lysine; monosaccharides, disaccharides, and other carbohydratesincluding glucose, mannose, or dextrins; chelating agents such as EDTA;tonicifiers such as trehalose and sodium chloride; sugars such assucrose, mannitol, trehalose or sorbitol; surfactant such aspolysorbate; salt-forming counter-ions such as sodium; and/or non-ionicsurfactants such as Tween or polyethylene glycol (PEG). Thepharmaceutical compositions may comprise other therapeutic agents.

Compositions of the present disclosure can comprise one type ofmonoclonal antibody or more than one type of monoclonal antibody. Acomposition of the disclosure can have one or more of an antibody orfragment or variant thereof. A composition can have a monoclonal and apolyclonal antibody. A composition can comprise one or more subtypes ofantibodies. For example, a composition can comprise a mixture of IgG orIgM or a mixture of one or more of IgG1, IgG2, and IgG2b. A compositionof the present disclosure can comprise an antibody as the only activeingredient, wherein the antibody may be monoclonal, polyclonal,chimeric, human, humanized or combinations thereof. By “activeingredient” is meant that the ingredient has an anti-tumor effect byinhibiting tumor growth.

A pharmaceutical composition of the disclosure can comprise one or moreantibodies at a concentration range from 0.1 mg/ml to 100 mg/ml, 1 mg/mlto 10 mg/ml, 1 mg/ml to 50 mg/ml, 1 mg/ml to 100 mg/ml, 10 mg/ml to 100mg/ml, or 50 mg/ml to 100 mg/ml of each of the antibodies or totalantibodies. For example, a pharmaceutical composition of the disclosurecan comprise at least or about 0.1 mg/ml, at least or about 1 mg/ml, atleast or about 5 mg/ml, at least or about 10 mg/ml, at least or about 50mg/ml, at least or about 100 mg/ml of an antibody.

The compositions of the present disclosure may be administered byroutine methods known in the art. For example, the compositionscomprising antibodies or fragments thereof may be administered viaintravenous, intramuscular, intraperitoneal, intracerebrospinal,subcutaneous, intra-articular, intrasynovial, intrathecal, oral,topical, or inhalation routes, or by intracerebral or intra-spinalconvection enhanced delivery or direct intratumoral injection. Theantibodies may be administered parenterally directly at the target site(such as at or within a tumor). The compositions may be introduced as asingle administration or as multiple administrations and may beintroduced in a continuous manner over a period of time. In oneembodiment, the composition may be administered daily for a period of atleast 2 days such as, for example, for a period of 2-30 days (and allperiods therebetween). In one embodiment, it is administered daily for7-10 days. It may alternatively be administered at desired intervals(such as every 2, 3, 4, 5 days and the like).

It will be recognized by those of skill in the art that the form andcharacter of the particular dosing regimen employed in the method of theinvention will be dictated by the route of administration and otherwell-known variables, such as the size of the individual and the stageof the disease. Further, the compositions can be provided in the form ofunit dosage forms for administration to an individual in need oftreatment. Antibodies can be provided in a lyophilized form to bereconstituted prior to administration. The reconstitution medium can besterile 0.9% saline solution or a suitable physiological buffer orwater, or any other solution known in the art for reconstitutingproteins prior to administration.

The disclosure also provides kits which can be used for administrationto individuals in need of treatment. A kit, for example, can compriseone or more antibodies, which may be in a lyophilized form, optionallyreconstitution media, and instructions for administration. A kit cancomprise a single dose or multiple doses.

The disclosure provides a method for treating tumors, such as tumorsthat comprise survivin-expressing cells. Such tumors may be referred toherein as “survivin-expressing tumors”. The term “treatment” refers toreduction in one or more symptoms or features associated with thepresence of the particular condition being treated. Treatment does notnecessarily mean complete remission, nor does it preclude recurrence orrelapses. For example, the present disclosure provides a method forreducing the size of a tumor or arresting the growth of a tumor orreducing the rate of growth of a tumor (such as a tumor comprisingsurvivin-expressing cells) or reducing any other symptom that isassociated with an individual being afflicted with the tumor—all ofwhich are considered as “treatment”—comprising administering to anindividual in need of treatment, a therapeutically effective amount of acomposition comprising antibodies, or fragments thereof as describedherein. In one embodiment, the method is a method of passiveimmunization.

Examples of tumors that can be treated by the present compositionsinclude, but are not limited to, glioma, glioblastoma, medulloblastoma,multiple myeloma, melanoma, meningioma, breast adenocarcinoma, ovariancarcinoma, prostate carcinoma, leukemia, lymphoma, colon carcinoma,pancreatic cancer, hepatic cancer, kidney cancer, sarcoma and the like.

The method of the invention can be performed in conjunction with use ofsurvivin peptides as a vaccine. The compositions of the invention can beadministered prior to, concurrently, or subsequent to other therapies.

In one aspect, the present disclosure provides compositions comprisingan isolated antibody which is reactive against one or more epitopes ofsurvivin wherein the isolated antibody or the antigen-binding fragmentthereof binds to one or more epitopes of survivin. The antibody may begenerated in response to administration of a peptide having the sequenceENEPDLAQMFFCFKELEGWEPDD (SEQ ID NO:2), or a fragment thereof (such asSEQ ID NO:4), wherein the fragment has from 9 to 23 (including allintegers therebetween) contiguous amino acids of SEQ ID NO:2, andwherein the peptide comprises the core sequence of QMFFCF (SEQ ID NO:3).The composition may be such that the only antibody or antibodies presentis/are the isolated antibody/antibodies generated in response toadministration of survivin peptides. The composition may have otherprotein such as carrier proteins. The antibody may be a chimeric, humanor a humanized antibody. The antibody may be a monoclonal or apolyclonal antibody, or a single chain, or multispecific antibody.

Reactivity of antibodies toward specific antigens can be measured byroutine methods such as, for example, ELISA. Reactivity is an indicationof the binding affinity. Binding affinity can also be measured byantigen/antibody dissociation rates or competition radioimmunoassays andthe like. Specific binding of an antibody to an antigen means it bindsthe antigen with high affinity and does not specifically bind tounrelated antigens.

In one aspect, the disclosure provides a method of passive immunizationcomprising administering to an individual in need of treatment, atherapeutically effective amount of the composition comprising one ormore antibodies generated in response to administration of a peptidehaving the sequence ENEPDLAQMFFCFKELEGWEPDD (SEQ ID NO:2), or a fragmentthereof (such as SEQ ID NO:4), wherein the fragment has from 9 to 23(including all integers therebetween) contiguous amino acids of SEQ IDNO:2, and wherein the peptide comprises the core sequence of QMFFCF (SEQID NO:3), and which antibodies have been isolated from the subject(human or non-human) they were raised in or obtained from a hybridomasupernatant, or may be engineered antibodies using sequences from theisolated antibodies.

The following examples are meant to illustrate, and are not intended tobe limiting.

EXAMPLE 1

This example describes animal studies demonstrating an effect ofanti-survivin antibodies on tumor growth.

Mice are administered DLAQMFFCFKELEGW—keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH)(SurVaxM) (SVN53-67/M57-KLH) (SEQ ID NO:4) as an immunization. Mice wereinjected subcutaneously with 100 μg of peptide. Mice were repeatimmunized once every 7 days for a 28 day period. Two weeks after finalimmunization mice were euthanized via CO₂ asphyxiation and blood wascollected through cardiac puncture. Blood was allowed to clot and iscentrifuged at 10,000×g to produce clarified serum. Survivin anti-serumwas used to passively immunize mice in tumor implantation models.

Intracranial subcutaneous tumor models were used to show efficacy ofanti-survivin antibody against tumor growth. Intracranial studies usedanesthetized C57BL/6 mice implanted with 1×10⁵ GL261 glioma cellsthrough a 26 gauge needle advanced through an intracranial burr holeplaced at 1 mm anterior, 2 mm lateral and 3 mm in depth to the bregmaskull suture as anatomical reference point. After 3 days mice wererandomized into groups and injected with 10 μg of anti-survivin antibodyor 10 μg of normal IgG for control. Antibodies were administered every 5days for a total of 4 doses in a 20 day period. Mice were followed forsigns of neurological deficits as an indicator of tumor growth andsacrificed according to established criteria. Data is represented assurvival and shown in Kaplan-Meier plot, p<0.0001.

Subcutaneous tumor models were established through implantation of 1×10⁶GL261 glioma cells subcutaneously right flank through a 23 gaugeintradermal needle. Tumors were allowed to grow for 7 days until theyreached approximately 2 mm in diameter. Mice were then on day 7administered 100 μg SurVaxM (SVN53-67/M57-KLH) survivin vaccine; or 50μl anti-survivin antibody in the form of mouse sera from mice that hadbeen previously administered SurVaxM or 10 μg mAb (antibody) derivedfrom non-tumor bearing pooled mice receiving the SurVaxM survivinvaccine, or a monoclonal antibody reactive against survivin. Treatmentwas re-administered every 7 days for 4 doses over a 28 day period.Tumors were measured daily and volumes calculated using the formula“V=XY2/2”. Mice were followed for 60 days. Data is shown as combinedtumor volumes (FIG. 1 ) and individual tumor progression (FIG. 2 ),p<0.0001. The SurVaxM vaccine refers to a vaccine in which the peptidehas the sequence DLAQMFFCFKELEGW (SEQ ID NO: 4).

The results of these studies were as follows. As shown in FIG. 1 , inintracranial glioma model C57BL/6 mice with GL261 gliomas, who wereadministered anti-survivin antibody once every 7 days post tumorimplantation, mice receiving anti-survivin antibody survivedsignificantly longer than controls. IgG used is normal mousenon-specific IgG. FIG. 2 shows subcutaneous tumor model in C57BL/6 micewith GL261 glioma. Mice were administered the indicated treatments onceevery 7 days post tumor implantation. Similar to intracranial studies,mice receiving either purified mAb or anti-serum had tumors that weresignificantly smaller than controls and rivaled the anti-tumor effectobserved by the active vaccine itself. FIG. 3 shows subcutaneous tumormodel in C57BL/6 mice with GL261 glioma. Mice were administered theindicated treatments once every 7 days post tumor implantation. SurVaxMis the survivin vaccine; anti-survivin sera (antibody) was derived fromnon-tumor bearing pooled mice receiving active SurVaxM vaccine. Datashows individual tumor growth over 50 days. (n=4 per group)

These data demonstrate that administration of survivin antibodies areeffective for reducing tumor volume and prolong survival.

EXAMPLE 2

This example describes the generation of monoclonal antibodies and theeffectiveness of the antibodies for inhibiting tumor growth.

Methods:

Cell lines and culture conditions: GL261 murine glioma cells and B16f1murine melanoma cell lines are grown on 100-mm tissue culture plates incomplete Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium (DMEM) containing 10% fetalcalf serum, 5,000 units penicillin/streptomycin, 50 μM2-mercaptoethanol, 25 mM HEPES, and 1× non-essential amino acids at 37°C. in 5% CO₂ with media changes two to three times per week.

Peptides: Peptide synthesis was performed using Fmoc chemistry and asolid support resin (Genscript, Piscataway, N.J.). Each peptide wasstored at −20° C. until use and diluted in DMSO. Antigen sequence 1:DLAQMFFCFKELEGW (SEQ ID NO:4); Antigen sequence 2: DLAQCFFCFKELEGW (SEQID NO:27); Immunogen: Peptide (Lot: 614429-1)-KLH conjugate.

Immunization of mice for antibody production: Ten mice were used perround of antibody production. 5 Balb/c mice and 5 C57B1/6 mice were usedto produce anti-serum reactive against antigen 1 (SVN53-67/M57). Micewere immunized with Immunogen: Peptide-KLH conjugate (SVN53-67/M57-KLH).Serum samples were obtained after 4 rounds of immunization. Uponconfirmation of survivin reactive anti-serum through indirect ELISAanalysis, positive-testing mice were selected for hybridoma production.Several hybridoma cell lines were produced with cells from each reactivemouse fused to SP2/0 myeloma cells. Of these cell lines 2 subclones werefurther isolated and characterized.

Indirect ELISA for antibody reactivity: 96 well ELISA plates were coatedwith 1 μg/ml, 100 μl/well of either Coating Antigens: A: (SVN53-67/M57)DLAQMFFCFKELEGW (SEQ ID NO:4) or B: (wild type SVN53-67) DLAQCFFCFKELEGW(SEQ ID NO:27) in Phosphate Buffered Saline, pH 7.4. Murine anti-serumor hybridoma cell culture supernatant was applied 100 ul/well to coatedplates and incubated. Secondary Antibody: Peroxidase-AffiniPure GoatAnti-Mouse IgG, Fcγ was then added followed with standard detection.

Hybridoma sequencing: Total RNA was isolated from the hybridoma cellsfollowing the technical manual of TRIzol® Reagent (Ambion, Cat. No.:15596-026). The total RNA was analyzed by agarose gel electrophoresis.Total RNA was reverse transcribed into cDNA using isotype-specificanti-sense primers or universal primers following the technical manualof PrimeScript™ 1st Strand cDNA Synthesis Kit (Takara, Cat. No.: 6110A).The antibody fragments of VH and VL were amplified according to thestandard operating procedure of RACE of GenScript. Amplified antibodyfragments were separately cloned into a standard cloning vector usingstandard molecular cloning procedures. Colony PCR screening wasperformed to identify clones with inserts of correct sizes. No less thanfive single colonies with inserts of correct sizes were sequenced foreach antibody fragment. Five single colonies with correct VH and VLinsert sizes were sent for sequencing. The VH and VL genes of fivedifferent clones were found nearly identical. The consensus sequence isbelieved to be the sequence of the antibody produced.

Patient Serum Antibody Measurements: Patient serum was collected andstored at −80° C. Serial dilutions of clarified serum were applied tounconjugated survivin peptide, free KLH and random peptide (20 μg/ml, 1μg/well) on pre-coated ELISA plates (Flat Bottom, Nunc) in triplicate.Samples were incubated at 4° C. overnight and washed (PBS, 1% BSA). HRPconjugated anti-human IgG detection antibody (Bio-Rad) was added for 1hour at 25° C. Plates were washed 4 times and TMB colorimetric solution(Biolegend) was added at room temperature and developed for 15 minutesand read on a Bio-Rad automated plate reader at 450 nm.

Immunization of mice for tumor growth studies: Proof of principlestudies in mice were performed with 100 μl of anti-SVN53-67/M57hybridoma supernatant or 10 μg of purified monoclonal antibody. Micewere first implanted with murine GL261 glioma cells or B16f1 murinemelanoma cells either intracranially or subcutaneously. At four dayspost tumor implantation mice received i.p. injections of antibodyrepeated once weekly for a maximum of 5 weeks and followed for tumorgrowth.

Intracerebral GL261 tumor cell injection and survival analysis: MaleC57BL/6 mice (Charles River, Horsham, Pa.) were anesthetized with gasisoflurane and fixed in a stereotactic head frame (David KopfInstruments, Tujunga, Calif.). A midline scalp incision was made and thebregma was identified. Stereotactic coordinates were measured (2.0 mmlateral, and 1.2 mm anterior to the bregma) for implantation of cellsinto the deep frontal white matter. A burr hole was drilled at thispoint and 1×10⁵ GL261 cells suspended in 2.5 μl of DMEM were injectedthrough a Hamilton syringe with a fixed, 25-gauge needle at a depth of3.0 mm relative to the dura mater. Injections were performed at 1μl/min. The needle was withdrawn and the incision sutured. Kaplan—Meiersurvival plots were drawn and median survival times were determined forall groups. n=8 mice per group.

Subcutaneous tumor growth studies: A suspension of 2×10⁷ Gl261 cells or1×10⁶ B16f1 cells in 100 μl of PBS was injected into the shaved rightflank subcutaneous skin of male C57B1/6 (immunocompetent) mice (CharlesRiver, Horsham, Pa.) as well as Nude (immunocompromised) NCr-nu/nu mice(Charles River, Horsham, Pa.). Tumor growth was measured daily withcalipers, and volumes were calculated according to the formulaV=(a·(b²))/2, where V is volume and a and b are perpendicular diametersof the tumor. Data is presented as tumor growth over time as well ascomparative mean tumor volumes. n=4, 5 or 10 mice per group in variousstudies presented as indicated.

Results:

A modified survivin peptide of SEQ ID NO: 4 was used to generatehybridomas. Ten mice were administered 15 μg/ml peptide vaccinecomprising the peptide of SEQ ID NO:4. Out of these 9 mice developedanti-survivin titers. Several hybridoma lines were generated whichproduced antibodies that were reactive against peptide of SEQ ID NO:4and a survivin peptide DLAQCFFCFKELEGW (SEQ ID NO:27) in which thesequence is identical to a portion of human survivin. Out of thehybridomas, two in particular were selected for furthercharacterization. These are termed as 2C2 and the 30H3. From thesehybridomas, one clone each was further characterized. These are termedas 2C2E7 and 30H3D2 respectively. 2C2E7 was found to have the isotypeIgG2b and 30H3D2 was found to have the isotype IgG1. Therefore, A fewsingle colonies with correct heavy and light chain variable regioninsert sizes were sequenced. The sequences were found to be nearlyidentical and consensus sequences were generated. Consensus amino acidsequence for the heavy and light chain variable regions from the mAb2C2E7 are provided in SEQ ID NOs:19 and 20 respectively. Consensus aminoacid sequence for the heavy and light chain variable regions from themAb 30H3D2 are provided in SEQ ID NOs:21 and 22 respectively. Thecorresponding nucleotide sequences for the amino acid sequences of SEQID NOs:19, 20, 21 and 22 are provided in SEQ ID NOs:23, 24, 25 and 26respectively.

The consensus amino acid sequence for heavy chain variable region fromantibody 2C2E7 is shown below:

(SEQ ID NO: 19) MGWLWNLLFLMAAAQSAQAQIQLVQSGPELKKPGETVKISCKASGYTFTTYGMSWVKQAPGRGLKWMGWINPYSGVPTYAVDFKGRFAFSLETSASTAYLQINNLKNEDTATYFCARGGRRGDFGY WGQGTTLTVSS.

The consensus amino acid sequence for light chain variable region fromantibody 2C2E7 is shown below:

(SEQ ID NO: 20) MDFQVQIFSFLLISASVILSSGQIGLTQSPAIMSASPGEKVTMTCSASSSISYMHWYQQKPGTSPKTWIYDTSKLASGVPARFSGSGSGTSYSLTISSMEAEDAATYYCHQRSSHHTFGGGTKLEIK.

The consensus amino acid sequence for heavy chain variable region fromantibody 30H3D2 is shown below:

(SEQ ID NO: 21) MNFGLSLIFLALILKGVQCEVQLVESGGDLVKPGGSLKLSCAASGFTFSSYGMSWVRLTPDKRLEWVATISSGGSHTYYPDSVRGRFTISRDNAKNTLYLQMSSLKSEDTAMYYCARHPIYYYISS YAMDYWGQGTSVTVSS.

The consensus amino acid sequence for light chain variable region fromantibody 30H3D2 is shown below:

(SEQ ID NO: 22) MKLPVRLLVLMFWIPASSSDVVMTQTPLSLPVSLGDQASISCRSSQSLVHSTGNTYLHWYLQKPGQSPKLLIYKVSNRFSGVPDRFGGSGSGTDFTLKISRVEAEDLGVYFCSQSTHVPPTFGGGT KLEIK.

A nucleotide sequence encoding the amino acids of heavy chain variabledomain set forth in SEQ ID NO:19 of mAb 2C2E7 is shown below:

(SEQ ID NO: 23) ATGGGTTGGCTGTGGAACTTGCTATTCCTGATGGCAGCTGCCCAAAGTGCCCAAGCACAGATCCAGTTGGTACAATCTGGACCTGAGCTGAAGAAGCCTGGAGAGACAGTCAAGATCTCCTGCAAGGCTTCTGGGTATACCTTCACAACCTATGGAATGAGCTGGGTGAAACAGGCTCCAGGAAGGGGTTTAAAGTGGATGGGCTGGATAAACCCCTACTCTGGAGTGCCAACATATGCTGTTGACTTCAAGGGACGGTTTGCCTTCTCTTTGGAAACCTCTGCCAGCACTGCCTATTTGCAGATCAACAACCTCAAAAATGAGGACACGGCTACATATTTCTGTGCAAGAGGAGGGCGGAGGGGGGACTTTGGCTACTGGGGCCAAGGCACCACTCTCACAGTCTCCTCA.

A nucleotide sequence encoding the amino acids of light chain variabledomain set forth in SEQ ID NO:20 of mAb 2C2E7 is shown below:

(SEQ ID NO: 24) ATGGATTTTCAGGTGCAGATTTTCAGCTTCCTGCTAATCAGTGCCTCAGTCATACTGTCCAGCGGACAAATTGGTCTCACCCAGTCTCCAGCAATCATGTCTGCATCTCCAGGGGAGAAGGTCACCATGACCTGCAGTGCCAGCTCAAGTATAAGTTACATGCATTGGTACCAGCAGAAGCCAGGCACCTCCCCCAAAACATGGATTTATGACACATCCAAACTGGCTTCTGGAGTCCCTGCTCGCTTCAGTGGCAGTGGGTCTGGGACCTCTTATTCTCTCACAATCAGCAGCATGGAGGCTGAAGATGCTGCCACTTATTACTGCCATCAGCGGAGTAGTCACCACACGTTCGGAGGGGGGACCAAGCTGGAAATA AAA.

A nucleotide sequence encoding the amino acids of heavy chain variabledomain set forth in SEQ ID NO:21 of mAb 30H3D2 is shown below:

(SEQ ID NO: 25) ATGAACTTCGGGCTCAGCTTGATTTTCCTTGCCCTTATTTTAAAAGGTGTCCAGTGTGAGGTGCAGCTGGTGGAGTCTGGGGGAGACTTAGTGAAGCCTGGAGGGTCCCTGAAACTCTCCTGTGCAGCCTCTGGATTCACTTTCAGTAGCTATGGCATGTCTTGGGTTCGCCTGACTCCAGACAAGAGGCTGGAGTGGGTCGCAACCATTAGCAGTGGTGGTAGTCACACCTACTATCCAGACAGTGTGAGGGGGCGATTCACCATCTCCAGAGACAATGCCAAGAACACCCTGTACCTGCAAATGAGCAGTCTGAAGTCTGAGGACACAGCCATGTATTACTGTGCAAGACACCCAATTTATTACTACATTAGTAGCTATGCTATGGACTACTGGGGTCAAGGAACCTCAGTCACCGTC TCCTCA.

A nucleotide sequence encoding the amino acids of light chain variabledomain set forth in SEQ ID NO:22 of mAb 30H3D2 is shown below:

(SEQ ID NO: 26) ATGAAGTTGCCTGTTAGGCTGTTGGTGCTGATGTTCTGGATTCCTGCTTCCAGCAGTGATGTTGTGATGACCCAAACTCCACTCTCCCTGCCTGTCAGTCTTGGAGATCAAGCCTCCATCTCTTGCAGATCTAGTCAGAGCCTTGTACACAGTACTGGAAACACCTATTTACATTGGTACCTGCAGAAGCCAGGCCAGTCTCCAAAGCTCCTGATCTACAAAGTTTCCAACCGATTTTCTGGGGTCCCAGACAGGTTCGGTGGCAGTGGATCAGGGACAGATTTCACACTCAAGATCAGCAGAGTGGAGGCTGAGGATCTGGGAGTTTATTTCTGCTCTCAAAGTACACATGTTCCTCCGACGTTCGGTGGAGGCACC AAGCTGGAAATCAAA. 

The antibodies were tested for binding against the peptide used forimmunizing the animals (SEQ ID NO:4), and against a sequence from humansurvivin (SEQ ID NO:27). 15 ng/ml antibody concentration of 2C2E7 wassufficient to bind the modified survivin peptide of SEQ ID NO:4 at an ODof 1.019 and wild type survivin peptide of SEQ ID NO:27 at an OD of0.891. The titer of 2C2E7 at its highest dilution with signal to blankratio of >2:1 is 1:512,000 consistent with that expected for a highaffinity antibody. Further, 31 ng/ml antibody concentration of 30H3D2was sufficient to bind the modified survivin peptide of SEQ ID NO:4 atan OD of 1.021 and wild type survivin peptide of SEQ ID NO:27 at an ODof 0.874. The titer of 30H3 at its highest dilution with signal to blankratio of >2:1 is 1:512,000 is consistent with that expected for a highaffinity antibody.

The antibodies were then used in animal models to determine the effectof growth of tumors. The animal models were same as used in Example 1.The results are shown in FIGS. 4 to 11 . Studies of 2C2 and H30anti-survivin antibodies were performed in subcutaneous murine tumormodels. Mice were allowed to establish an implantable tumor after whichthey began treatment with 2C2, H30 or non-specific IgG every 5-7 daysfor a 30 day period. Two host mouse strains were used, NCr-nu/nu (nude)in FIGS. 4, 6, 8, 10 and C57B1/6 mice in FIGS. 5, 7, 9, 11 . Nude micerepresent an immunocompromised model in which activity of antibodieswould be expected to specifically depend on direct antibody binding totarget without immune system support. C57B1/6 mice represent animmunocompetent model where antibodies may benefit from the additionalengagement of immunological support mechanisms such as Macrophages,Dendritic cells and T cells. B16 melanoma FIGS. 4-7 and GL261 gliomacells FIGS. 8-11 were shown to be growth inhibited in the C57B1/6(immunocompetent) model (FIGS. 5, 7 ) and to a lesser extent also growthinhibited in the nude (immunocompromised) model (FIGS. 4, 6 ) whentreated with 2C2 or H30 antibodies. This observation shows a strongimmune-mediated antibody-dependent response in C57B1/6 mice (FIGS. 5, 7,9, 11 ) that is not completely abrogated by the lack of immune supportin Nude mice (FIGS. 4, 6, 8, 10 ). In immunocompromised models (FIGS. 4,6, 8, 10 ) the persistence of antibody-dependent growth inhibitionstrongly suggests an added immune system independent or direct growthinhibitory component of antibody by itself. Glioma patients enrolled ina Phase I clinical trial at Roswell Park Cancer Institute of SurVaxM(SVN53-67/M57-KLH) SEQ. ID NO:4 (FDA approved/I171010) were observed toproduce an unexpected antibody response to the SurVaxM peptide duringtheir clinical trial protocol period. Eight patients shown here producea reactive anti-sera that is cross reactive to both wild type survivinpeptide comprised of amino acids of SEQ ID NO:27 as well as the modifiedsurvivin peptide comprised of amino acids of SEQ ID NO:4 which is alsocontained in the 15 amino acid immunizing peptide sequence. Theseantibodies can be used for therapeutic purposes.

Although the present disclosure has been described using specificembodiments and examples, routine modifications will be apparent tothose skilled in the art and such modifications are intended to bewithin the scope of the disclosure and the claims.

The invention claimed is:
 1. A monoclonal antibody that specificallybinds to survivin comprising a heavy chain variable region and a lightchain variable region, wherein a) the heavy chain variable regioncomprises a VH CDR1 comprising the sequence of SEQ ID NO: 7, a VH CDR2comprising the sequence of SEQ ID NO: 8, and a VH CDR3 comprising thesequence of SEQ ID NO: 9, and the light chain variable region comprisesa VL CDR1 comprising the sequence of SEQ ID NO: 10, a VL CDR2 comprisingthe sequence of SEQ ID NO: 11, and a VL CDR3 comprising the sequence ofSEQ ID NO: 12; or b) the heavy chain variable region comprises a VH CDR1comprising the sequence of SEQ ID NO: 13, a VH CDR2 comprising thesequence of SEQ ID NO: 14, and a VH CDR3 comprising the sequence of SEQID NO:15, and the light chain variable region comprises a VL CDR1comprising the sequence of SEQ ID NO: 16, a VL CDR2 comprising thesequence of SEQ ID NO: 17, and a VL CDR3 comprising the sequence of SEQID NO:18; wherein the antibody is acetylated, formylated, amidated,phosphorylated, polyethylene glycolated (PEGylated), or glycosylated. 2.The antibody of claim 1, wherein the antibody is a Fab, F(ab′), F(ab′)2,Fv, single-chain antibody (scFv), bivalent single-chain antibody, ordiabody.
 3. A pharmaceutical composition comprising the antibody ofclaim
 1. 4. The pharmaceutical composition of claim 3, wherein theantibody is a Fab, F(ab′), F(ab′)2, Fv, single-chain antibody (scFv),bivalent single-chain antibody, or diabody.